| White Ash (Fraxinus americana) Linnaeus, 1753 |
| Synonyms: Fraxinus albicans, Fraxinus biltmoreana, Fraxinus canadensis, Fraxinus carolinensis, Fraxinus glauca (see The Plant List for more synonyms ) |
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Fraxinus americana is a tree native to eastern and central North America; from the Great Lakes Region to Nova Scotia, south to eastern Texas and northern Florida. Isolated populations in Wyoming and Colorado (Map). White Ash grows on rich, moist, well-drained soils in deciduous and mixed forests; sea level to 1,050 m. A large deciduous tree, up to 30 m in height and 0.6-1.2 m DBH; a long stout trunk. The bark is gray and deeply furrowed, with a diamond-ridge pattern. The leaves are opposite and compound with 5-9 (usually 7) ovate leaflets; dark green on top and pale below; turning reddish-purple in autumn. F. americana flowers in early spring, before the leaves develop. The flowers are minute (3 mm), with a yellowish green or greenish purple tubular calyx and no corolla; wind pollinated. The fruit is a one-seeded samara; arranged in drooping panicles. Although billions of White Ash trees are still present across North America, the species is listed critically endangered, due to the Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis), an invasive beetle accidentally introduced from East Asia in the late 1990s. The beetle has expanded over most of the native range of F. americana, and already has killed at least 50 million ash trees. Unless an effective method of controlling the Emerald Ash Borer is found, the infestation could bring White Ash, and other North America’s native Fraxinus, on the brink of functional extinction.
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